Abstract
Tourism can be evaluated in a number of
different dimensions. Sustainable tourism however must be able to meet social
and economic expectations of an organization or the nation. This paper analyses
the characteristics of adventure tourism, a proper understanding of the
activities that are classified as adventure tourism is detailed. Understanding
adventure tourism and differentiating it from other forms of tourism involves
an understanding of it participants, requirements, and market performance.
After this, an analysis of the challenges that face sustainability in the
tourism sector is evaluated. The findings pave way for provisions of
recommendations on how to regulate and promote the industry. Current trends in
the industry also pave way for future predictions on the performance of the
sector.
Adventure
tourism is among the leading trends in tourism industry. In developed and
developing countries alike, this trend seems to be among the leading and most
lucrative investment in the tourism industry. Adventure tourism has different
meanings to different individuals. For example, some perceive adventure as
leisure time that involves activities such as hiking, biking tours or even
swimming. However, in summation, adventure tourism involves exploration or
travel which carries certain difficulties and risks. The delineation and scope of the adventure tourism concept is still a
subject of debate among tourism scholars (Bramwell and Lane, 1993, pp. 1—5, Walle,
1997 and Weber, 2001). There are a wide variety of stakeholders in this
industry that make it complex. A majority of these stakeholders are suppliers
from the mainstream tourism industry. As a result, this sector is composed of
accommodation operators as well as equipment manufacturers. The robustness of
this industry can be attributed to the activities of the different individuals
who specialize in tour operations. Among all types of tourism, adventure
tourism is the most popular and promising (Ahuja, 2011).
Adventure Tourism may be defined as a leisure activity that
takes place in an unusual, exotic, remote, or wilderness destinations and tends
to be associated with high levels of involvement and activity by the
participants, most of it outdoors (Thompson Rivers University, 2013). According
to the ATTA report (2011), adventure tourism is one of the fastest growing
segments in the travel industry with recent estimates based on consumer surveys
indicating 17% growth from 2009 - 2010. However, the report (ATTA, 2011) also
indicates that the sustainability and profitability of adventure tourism will
depend on a coordinated effort between the industry, government, local
communities, and project supporters. These actors will need to take a
development approach uniquely tailored to the local, political, economic,
social, and environmental landscape. This research introduces and analyses the
various social, political, economic and cultural challenges that impact the
tourism industry with a specific view on adventure tourism. There are
fundamental components of adventure tourism that will be analysed. Among this are
the various stakeholders in the industry and the roles they play as well as
their impact to the sustainability of the industry. Other than this, various
typologies are put across to help understand the nature as well as the
different components of adventure tourism. This is based on the fact that
nature plays a vital role in the development and growth of this industry.
Therefore, natural factors that impact nature in a negative way have a negative
impact to the industry either directly or indirectly.
Individuals must adopt and embrace adventure as an attitude
in order to discover and utilize their unique potential Boyd and Others, 2002,
pp. 211--233). With the introduction and enhancement of the industry with new
and modern technology, this industry has potential and is inevitably promising
as the leading sector in the tourism industry. This makes it an interesting
area of study and research based on its greenness and unexploited potential.
However, it is also among the risky sectors in the industry and these calls for
caution during the investment and promotion of sustainable development.
Developing countries are leading in terms nature preservation as opposed to
developed countries (Bourdeau and Corneloup et al., 2004, pp. 101--116). However,
with the introduction of modern technology the balance is slowly shifting as
technology is being utilized to harness and protect nature.
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